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1, outlined the A possession of the Palace Museum in Beijing, historically the largest nephrite (and nephrite) jade carved pieces of "Da Yu sa son (King)" to produce the soft jade in Hotan suddenly famous at home and abroad.

"Dayu sa son (King)," The jade is nephrite, jade material in 1781 (dry Long 40 years) transported to Yangzhou carving, 1787 (dry dragon five years) jade Games Back in Beijing, which lasted six years, was placed on the National Palace Le Shoutang, the weight 5330Kg, jade material collected from Yarkand Mill Mountain, jade picture vivid, powerful and ambitious, the idea of the Song "Da Yu map", showing "Standing out as peaks, peaks of mountains, waterfalls urgent Chung, magnificent old pine trees all over the mountains, caves and gully, migrant workers are in the cliffs above the crowds, hammer hammer hits the stone, ho dig gravel, with a simple carry Qian pry rock blasts ", jade high 224mm, width 96mm, dried dragon jade mountain in the back of the poem the emperor said: "Good power Everlasting eternal, who Fuqin looking up for the fish. Paint-year-old a long time or annihilation, weighing equipment destroyed Chiaki difficult to defeat." ages of the Bo name also.

Jade culture in China is the earliest development of the kingdom, archaeological confirmation, and nephrite early settlers in the Neolithic Age have been applied, far earlier than the emerald.

Ancient Chinese nephrite jade ornaments, jade, as the characteristics of forensic information reported many times, such as the Shang dynasty of Guyana, Zhang, Pik, Cong, Zhou generation of jade bi, ring ritual, the Qin Dynasty Yuxi, Lou Yu Jin Han Yi, Tang Dynasty jade lotus, Song of Guanyin, the Yuan Dynasty ditch Alexander Yuhai (hidden in the city of Beijing, the North Sea group jade urn booths, high 66 cm, 150 cm in diameter, a piece of black jade carving Sheng Department wine vessel), Ming Jade, Qing Dynasty Dayu maps.

II output features of the geological nephrite In the Tarim Basin of the Kunlun Mountains - Altun Mountain area, from Yecheng to Qiemo, the veins of jade from the west to the point of intermittent stretches Neusoft distribution of one thousand kilometers, in which Wada and Karakash River, Yulong Kashi River the most famous soft jade, and to "and nephrite" name widely known.

Soft jade produced in the trend for the North West - East - North East direction of the Kunlun arc uplift geosyncline fold belt system in the acid rock strain, rock vein intrusive diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite long and gneissic granite rocks, syenite, and Precambrian metamorphic rocks of dolomite marble, dolomitic marble calcite produces a product of contact metamorphism, is contact with metamorphic rocks.

Dolomite marble, dolomitic marble calcite in contact metamorphism, contact metamorphism followed by formation of scapolite with stubborn fire spinel pyroxenite, through pyroxenite, olivine dolomite marble, through the flash Dan Baiyun stone of marble and soft jade, nephrite associated with the formation of late - low temperature hydrothermal alteration, such as serpentinized, water, magnesium petrochemical, chloritization, sliding petrochemical, silicification, calcite alteration.

Three nephrite minerals and rocks 1, mineral composition Major minerals: tremolite - actinolite. Secondary minerals: serpentine, helical zoisite, diopside, chlorite, apatite, graphite, calcite, sphene, chrome spinel, pyrrhotite, Uvarovite, magnetite, talc, limonite.

2, tremolite Tremolite - Actinolite Actinolite parameters 1), allusions: tremolite from discovery to- by Google and named from the Greek word actinolite light , stone , also known as light rock.

2), soft jade: Department of tremolite Tremolite (Ca 2 Mg 5 [Si 2 O 11 ] 2 [OH] 2 ) - Actinolite Actinolite (iron actinolite Ferroactinolite) (Ca 2 (Mg, Fe) 5 [Si 2 O 11 ] 2 [OH] 2 ), Mg-Fe was entirely between the combination of isomorphism. According to " " . . literature, soft jade (Nephrite, , ) from the tremolite - actinolite composition, showing needle-like micro crystalline, fibrous, radiating aggregates or felt-like aggregates , dense, very tough block.

3), parameters of physical aspects Tremolite Color: white, gray. Light resistance: two-axis crystal negative character, 2V = 85-90 ° light sexual orientation: C Ng = 14 ° -18 ° b Nm, a Np = 5 °, dispersion < weak, to extend the refractive index Ng : Ng = 1.625-1.640, Nm = 1.613-1.630, Np = 1.600-1.614, cleavage: (110) full density: 2.95g/cm 3  Mohs hardness of 6-6.5

Actinolite Color: green, light green. Light resistance: two-axis crystal negative character, 2V = 75-88 ° light sexual orientation: C Ng = 10 ° -20 ° b Nm, a Np = 5 °, dispersion < weak, extended Ng multicolor sex: Np-light green, Nm Yellow - yellow-green, Ng-green. Refractive index: Ng = 1.641-1.655, Nm = 1.630-1.644, Np = 1.614-1.628, cleavage: (110) full density :3.1-3 .3g/cm 3  Mohs hardness of 6-6.5

4), chemistry parameters Molecular formula: Ca 2 Mg 5  [SiO 2 ] 2 [OH] 2 Theoretical chemical composition of tremolite (%): SiO 2  58.8, MgO 24.6, CaO 13.8, H 2 O 2.8.

Suet jade chemical composition (%): SiO 2 56.08, TiO2 0.00, Al 2 O 3  0.79, Fe 2 O 3  0.50, FeO 0.78, MnO 0.07, MgO 24.82, CaO 13.23, Na 2 O 0.21, K 2 O 0.10, P 2 O 5 0.03, SO 3 0.16, CO 2 0.56, 3.02 loss on burning. (Made the Kunlun Mountains)

White chemical composition (%): SiO 2 56.15, TiO 2  0.08, Al 2 O 3  1.02, Fe 2 O 3  0.62, FeO 0.78, MnO 0.18, MgO 24.08, CaO 13.23, Na 2 O 0.21, K 2 O 0.10, P 2 O 5 0.08, SO 3 0.11, CO 2 1.20, 3.22 loss on burning. (Made the Kunlun Mountains)

Sapphire chemical composition (%): SiO 2 53.34, TiO 2  0.08, Al 2 O 3  3.54, Fe 2 O 3  1.28, FeO 1.84, MnO 0.18, MgO 21.78, CaO 12.73, Na 2 O 0.23, K 2 O 0.23, P 2 O 5 0.08, SO 3 0.11, CO 2 1.20, 4.02 loss on burning. (Made the Kunlun Mountains)

Young white chemical composition (%): SiO 2 57.60, TiO20.23, Al 2 O 3  0.94, Fe 2 O 3  0.04, FeO 0.85, MnO 0.06, MgO 2

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